Dysuria (배뇨통)

The Root of Ambulatory Care
- 저 자 : 이진우
- 출 판 : 군자출판사
- 페이지수: 543면
이진우 선생님, 군자출판사와 제휴를 통해 책 내용 및 그림을 제공합니다.
무단 복제/배포 금지.
KEYWORDS:
..배뇨 전후 또는 배뇨 중 치골 상부나 요도부에 통증이나 작열감, 불쾌한 증상
등을 느끼는 것으로 주로 방광염, 요도염, 전립선염 등의 급만성 염증 등이
하부 요로에 있을 때 생긴다.
..여성에서는 25세에서 54세 사이의 성적활동이 왕성한 시기에, 남성에서는
Benign prostatic hyperplasia가 생길 수 있는 40세에서 60세 사이에 의미있게
증가한다.
..환자는 주로 배뇨시작 시기나 도중에 화끈거리는 증상을 호소한다.
Infection : Pyelonephritis, Cystitis, Prostatitis, Urethritis, Cervicitis,
most common Epididymo-orthitis, Vulvovaginitis
Hormonal conditions Hypoestrogenism(Atrophic vaginitis), Endometriosis
Malformations Bladder neck obstruction(BPH), Urethral strictures or diverticula
Neoplasms
Renal cell tumor, Bladder cancer, Prostatecancer,
Vaginal/Vulvar cancer, Penile cancer
Inflammatory Spondyloarthropathies, Drug side effects,
conditions Autoimmune disorders
Trauma Catheter placement, “honeymoon”cystitis
Psychogenic Somatization disorder, Major depression, Stress disorders,
conditions Anxiety, Hysteria
Female urethral syndrome : Symptoms consistent with a lower UTI but without the presence
of significant bacteriuria and conventional pathogens.
Dysuria
487
The Root of ambulatory care
1. Onset/Duration
Longer duration and more gradual onset → may be C.trachomatis
Sudden onset → may be bacterial infection
2. Initial dysuria/terminal dysuria?
Initial dysuria → urethral inflammation
Terninal dysuria (suprapubic pain after voiding) → bladder inflammation or infection
3. Is there frequency/urgency/hesitancy/nocturia/gross hematuria?
4. Any vaginal discharge/itching?
5. External pain/Internal pain?
External pain (pain as the urine passes over the inflamed vaginal labia) →
vaginal infection or inflammation
Internal pain (pain felt inside the body) → bacterial cystitis or urethritis
6. Associated symptoms such as nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, headache,
dizziness, or fatigue : often associated with primary dysmenorrhea.
7. Is there fever, chills, nausea, vomiting?
8. Is there any history of recurrence of genital or urinary infections, renal stone,
tumor, prostatitis?
9. Are there new or multiple sexual partners, sexual abuse?
10. Is a diaphragm or foam used as contraceptives?
1. Dipstick urinalysis : positive for nitrate suggests a probable UTI ; however a
negative test does not rule out the diagnosis.
2. Urinalysis : nitrites, leukocyte esterase, pyuria, hematuria, proteinuria
3. Urine culture and sensitivities : A reliable collected midstream urine culture is the
mainstay in the diagnosis of UTI, but uncomplicated UTI in women may not require
culture.
4. Vaginal discharge for wet mount and potassium hydroxide solution
: if indicated
5. STD tests : N.gonorrhoeae, C.trachomatis, H.simplex if indicated.
6. Urodynamics, Cystoscopy, Renal ultrasound, Intravenous urography to narrow the
definitive diagnosis
Key questions
Key tests
Dysuria
Fig 1. Algorithm for the evaluation of acute dysuria
Localizing signs and symptoms
Location of pain
on urination
Joint or back
pain Suprapubic pain
Cystitis, bladder distension,
bladder neoplasm,
or subclinical pyelonephritis
Spondyloarthropathy
Pyelonephritis,
ureteral stone,
ureteral obstruction
Costovertebral or
flank pain or
tenderness
Internal External
Pyuria
Urine culture
UTI
Hematuria
> 1000 CFU per ml,
single organism
< 1000 CFU per
ml, two or more
organisms
Neoplasm, tuberculosis,
nephrolithiasis, BPH
Neoplasm, ureteral stone, or
bladder stone
Mechanical cause of dysuria(e.g.
bladder dysfunction), ureteral stricture,
diverticuli, BPH, prostatodynia,
epididymis, orchitis, perineal
inflammation, interstitial cystitis,
psychogenic factors
Neoplasm, tuberculosis,
prostatitis, epididymitis
Prostatitis, cystitis,
subclinical
pyelonephritis,
pyelonephritis
Urethritis, perineal
inflammation or Infection,
contact sensitivity
Yes
Yes
Yes
Negative
No
No
No
Positive
..Radiologic studies and other diagnostic tests are indicated when the diagnosis
is in doubt, when patients are severely ill or immunocompromised and do not
respond to antibiotic therapy, and when complications are suspected.
489
The Root of ambulatory care
1. Treat suspected underlying disease
1. Avoid over the counter decongestants and caffeine.
2. Cranberry or orange juice may help.
3. Avoid perfumed soaps and toilet paper
4. Use of condom for sexual intercourse needs to be encouraged.
5. Adequate fluid intake (8~10 glasses of water) needs to be encouraged, along with
frequent emptying of bladder.
Key treatments
참고 문헌
Syed M. ahmed : Dysuria, in Saunders Manual of Medical Practice, 2nd ed, Robert E. Rakel(ed).
Philadelphia, Saunders, 2000, P 693-695
김윤진 : 배뇨곤란, in 가정의학 임상편. 서울, 계측문화사, 2002, P 1288-1291
Judy D. Bremnor, M.D., Richard Sadovsky, M.D. : Evaluation of Dysuria in Adults. A journal of the
American Family Physicains 2002 ; 65 : 1589 -1596, 1597