Tests |
Conventional Units |
SI Units |
Acetaminophen, serum or plasma (Hep or EDTA) |
|
|
Therapeutic |
10–30 µg/mL |
66–199 µmol/L |
Toxic |
> 200 µg/mL |
> 1324 µmol/L |
Acetone |
|
|
Serum |
|
|
Qualitative |
Negative |
Negative |
Quantitative |
0.3–2.0 mg/dL |
0.05–0.34 mmol/L |
Urine |
|
|
Qualitative |
Negative |
Negative |
Acid hemolysis test (Ham) |
< 5% lysis |
< 0.05 lysed fraction |
Adrenocorticotropin (ACTH), plasma |
|
|
8 A.M. |
< 120 pg/mL |
< 26 pmol/L |
Midnight (supine) |
< 10 pg/mL |
< 2.2 pmol/L |
*Alanine aminotransferase (ALT, SGPT), serum |
|
|
Male |
13–40 U/L (37°C) |
0.22–0.68 µkat/L (37°C) |
Female |
10–28 U/L (37°C) |
0.17–0.48 µkat/L (37°C) |
Albumin |
|
|
Serum |
|
|
Adult |
3.5–5.2 g/dL |
35–52 g/L |
> 60 y |
3.2–4.6 g/dL |
32–46 g/L |
|
Avg. of 0.3 g/dL higher in upright individuals |
Avg. of 3 g/L higher in upright individuals |
Urine |
|
|
Qualitative |
Negative |
Negative |
Quantitative |
50–80 mg/24 h |
50–80 mg/24 h |
CSF |
10–30 mg/dL |
100–300 mg/L |
*Aldolase, serum |
1.0–7.5 U/L (30°C) |
0.02–0.13 µkat/L (30°C) |
Aldosterone |
|
|
Serum |
|
|
Supine |
3–16 ng/dL |
0.08–0.44 nmol/L |
Standing |
7–30 ng/dL |
0.19–0.83 nmol/L |
Urine |
3–19 µg/24 h |
8–51 nmol/24 h |
Amikacin, serum or plasma (EDTA) |
|
|
Therapeutic |
|
|
Peak |
25–35 µg/mL |
43–60 µmol/L |
Trough |
|
|
Less severe infection |
1–4 µg/mL |
1.7–6.8 µmol/L |
Life-threatening infection |
4–8 µg/mL |
6.8–13.7 µmol/L |
Toxic |
|
|
Peak |
> 35–40 µg/mL |
> 60–68 µmol/L |
Trough |
> 10–15 µg/mL |
> 17–26 µmol/L |
d-Aminolevulinic acid, urine |
1.3–7.0 mg/24 h |
10–53 µmol/24 h |
Amitriptyline, serum or plasma (Hep or EDTA); trough (³ 12 h after dose) |
|
|
Therapeutic |
80–250 ng/mL |
289–903 nmol/L |
Toxic |
> 500 ng/mL |
> 1805 nmol/L |
Ammonia |
|
|
Plasma (Hep) |
9–33 µmol/L |
9–33 µmol/L |
*Amylase |
|
|
Serum |
27–131 U/L |
0.46–2.23 µkat/L |
Urine |
1–17 U/h |
0.017–0.29 µkat/h |
Amylase/creatinine clearance ratio |
1–4% |
0.01–0.04 |
Androstenedione, serum |
|
|
Male |
75–205 ng/dL |
2.6–7.2 nmol/L |
Female |
85–275 ng/dL |
3.0–9.6 nmol/L |
Anion gap |
|
|
(Na - (Cl + HCO3)) |
7–16 mEq/L |
7–16 mmol/L |
((Na + K) - (Cl + HCO3)) |
10–20 mEq/L |
10–20 mmol/L |
a1-Antitrypsin, serum |
78–200 mg/dL |
0.78–2.00 g/L |
Apolipoprotein A-I |
|
|
Male |
94–178 mg/dL |
0.94–1.78 g/L |
Female |
101–199 mg/dL |
1.01–1.99 g/L |
Apolipoprotein B |
|
|
Male |
63–133 mg/dL |
0.63–1.33 g/L |
Female |
60–126 mg/dL |
0.60–1.26 g/L |
Arsenic |
|
|
Whole blood (Hep) |
0.2–2.3 µg/dL |
0.03–0.31 µmol/L |
Chronic poisoning |
10–50 µg/dL |
1.33–6.65 µmol/L |
Acute poisoning |
60–930 µg/dL |
7.98–124 µmol/L |
Urine, 24 h |
5–50 µg/d |
0.07–0.67 µmol/d |
Ascorbic acid, plasma (Ox, Hep, EDTA) |
0.4–1.5 mg/dL |
23–85 µmol/L |
*Aspartate aminotransferase (AST, SGOT), serum |
10–59 U/L (37°C) |
0.17–1.00 -2 to +3 kat/L (37°C) |
Base excess, blood (Hep) |
-2 to +3 mEq/L |
-2 to +3 mmol/L |
Bicarbonate, serum (venous) |
22–29 mEq/L |
22–29 mmol/L |
*Bilirubin |
|
|
Serum |
|
|
Adult |
|
|
Conjugated |
0.03–0.3 mg/dL |
0–5 µmol/L |
Unconjugated |
0.1–1.1 mg/dL |
1.7–19 µmol/L |
Delta |
0–0.2 mg/dL |
0–3 µmol/L |
Total |
0.2–1.3 mg/L |
3–22 µmol/L |
Neonates |
|
|
Conjugated |
0–0.6 mg/dL |
0–10 µmol/L |
Unconjugated |
0.6–10.5 mg/dL |
10–180 µmol/L |
Total |
1.5–12 mg/dL |
1.7–180 µmol/L |
Urine, qualitative |
Negative |
Negative |
Bone marrow, differential cell count |
|
|
Adult |
|
|
Undifferentiated cells |
0–1% |
0–0.01 |
Myeloblast |
0–2% |
0–0.02 |
Promyelocyte |
0–4% |
0–0.04 |
Myelocytes |
|
|
Neutrophilic |
5–20% |
0.05–0.20 |
Eosinophilic |
0–3% |
0–0.03 |
Basophilic |
0–1% |
0–0.01 |
Metamyelocytes and bands |
|
|
Neutrophilic |
5–35% |
0.05–0.35 |
Eosinophilic |
0–5% |
0–0.05 |
Basophilic |
0–1% |
0–0.01 |
Segmented neutrophils |
5–15% |
0.05–0.15 |
Pronormoblast |
0–1.5% |
0–0.015 |
Basophilic normoblast |
0–5% |
0–0.05 |
Polychromatophilic normoblast |
5–30% |
0.05–0.30 |
Orthochromatic normoblast |
5–10% |
0.05–0.10 |
Lymphocytes |
10–20% |
0.10–0.20 |
Plasma cells |
0–2% |
0–0.02 |
Monocytes |
0–5% |
0–0.05 |
CA 125, serum |
< 35 U/mL |
< 35 kU/L |
CA 15-3, serum |
< 30 U/mL |
< 30 kU/L |
CA 19-9, serum |
< 37 U/mL |
< 37 kU/L |
Cadmium, whole blood (Hep) |
0.1–0.5 µg/dL |
8.9–44.5 nmol/L |
Toxic |
10–300 µg/dL |
0.89–26.70 µmol/L |
Cadmium, urine, 24 h |
< 15 µg/d |
< 0.13 µmol/d |
Calcitonin, serum or plasma (Hep, EDTA) |
|
|
Male |
£ 100 pg/mL |
£ 100 ng/L |
Female |
£ 30 pg/mL |
£ 30 ng/L |
Calcium, serum |
8.6–10.0 mg/dL |
2.15–2.50 mmol/L |
|
(Slightly higher in children) |
(Slightly higher in children) |
Calcium, ionized, serum |
4.64–5.28 mg/dL |
1.16–1.32 mmol/L |
Calcium, urine |
|
|
Low calcium diet |
50–150 mg/24 h |
1.25–3.75 mmol/24 h |
Usual diet; trough |
100–300 mg/24 h |
2.50–7.50 mmol/24 h |
Carbamazepine, serum or plasma (Hep or EDTA), trough |
|
|
Therapeutic |
4–12 µg/mL |
17–51 µmol/L |
Toxic |
> 15 µg/mL |
> 63 µmol/L |
Carbon dioxide, total, serum/plasma (Hep) |
22–28 mmol/L |
Same |
Carbon dioxide (PCO2, blood, arterial |
Male 35–48 mm Hg
|
4.66–6.38 kPa
|
|
Female 32–45 mm Hg |
4.26–5.99 kPa |
Carbon monoxide as carboxyhemoglobin (HbCO), whole blood (EDTA) |
|
|
Nonsmokers |
0.5–1.5% total Hb |
0.005–0.015 HbCO fraction |
Smokers |
|
|
1–2 packs/d |
4–5% total Hb |
0.04–0.05 HbCO fraction |
> 2 packs/d |
8–9% total Hb |
0.08–0.09 HbCO fraction |
Toxic |
> 20% total Hb |
> 0.20 HbCO fraction |
Lethal |
> 50% total Hb |
> 0.5 HbCO fraction |
Carotene, serum |
10–85 µg/dL |
0.19–1.58 µmol/L |
Catecholamines, plasma (EDTA) |
|
|
Dopamine |
< 30 pg/mL |
< 196 pmol/L |
Epinephrine |
< 140 pg/mL |
< 764 pmol/L |
Norepinephrine |
< 1700 pg/mL |
< 10,047 pmol/L |
Catecholamines, urine |
|
|
Dopamine |
65–400 µg/24 h |
425–2610 nmol/24 h |
Epinephrine |
0–20 µg/24 h |
0–109 nmol/24 h |
Norepinephrine |
15–80 µg/24 h |
89–473 nmol/24 h |
CEA, serum |
|
|
Nonsmokers |
< 5.0 ng/mL |
< 5.0 µg/L |
*Cell counts, adult |
|
|
RBC Male |
4.7–6.1 × 106/µL |
4.7–6.1 × 1012/L |
RBC Female |
4.2–5.4 × 106/µL |
4.2–5.4 × 1012/L |
Leukocytes |
|
|
Total |
4.8–10.8 × 103/µL |
4.8–10.8 × 106/L |
Differential |
Percentage Absolute |
Absolute (SI) |
Myelocytes |
0% 0/µL |
0/L |
Neutrophils |
|
|
Band |
3–5% 150–400/µL |
150–400 × 106/L |
Segmented |
54–62% 3000–5800/µL |
3000–5800 × 106/L |
Lymphocytes |
20.5–51.1% 1.2–3.4 × 103/µL |
1.2–3.4 × 109/L |
Monocytes |
1.7–9.3% 0.11–0.59 × 103/µL |
0.11–0.59 × 109/L |
Granulocytes |
42.2–75.2% 1.4–6.5 × 103/µL |
1.4–6.5 × 109/L |
Eosinophils |
0–0.07 × 103/µL |
0–0.7 × 109/L |
Basophils |
0–0.2 × 103/µL |
0–0.2 × 109/L |
Platelets |
130–400 × 103/µL |
130–400 × 109/L |
Reticulocytes |
0.5–1.5% red cells |
0.005–0.015 of RBC |
|
24,000–84,000/µL |
24–84 × 109/L |
Cells, CSF |
0–10 lymphocytes/mm3 |
Same |
|
0 RBC/mm3 |
Same |
Ceruloplasmin, serum |
20–60 mg/dL |
0.2–0.6 g/L |
Chloramphenicol, serum or plasma (Hep or EDTA); trough |
|
|
Therapeutic |
10–25 µg/mL |
31–77 µmol/L |
Toxic |
> 25 µg/mL |
> 77 µmol/L |
Chloride |
|
|
Serum or plasma (Hep) |
98–107 mmol/L |
98–107 mmol/L |
Sweat |
|
|
Normal |
5–35 mmol/L |
Same |
Cystic fibrosis |
60–200 mmol/L |
Same |
Urine, 24 h (vary greatly with Cl intake) |
|
|
Infant |
2–10 mmol/24 h |
Same |
Child |
15–40 mmol/24 h |
Same |
Adult |
110–250 mmol/24 h |
Same |
CSF |
118–132 mmol/L (20 mmol/L higher than serum) |
Same |
Cholesterol, serum |
|
|
Adult |
desirable: < 200 mg/dL |
desirable: < 5.2 mmol/L |
|
borderline: 200–239 mg/dL |
borderline: 5.2–6.2 mmol/L |
|
high risk: ³ 240 mg/dL |
high risk: ³ 6.2 mmol/L |
*Cholinesterase, serum |
4.9–11.9 U/mL |
4.9–11.9 kU/L |
Dibucaine inhibition |
79–84% |
0.79–0.84 |
Fluoride inhibition |
58–64% |
0.58–0.64 |
*Chorionic gonadotropin, intact |
|
|
Serum or plasma (EDTA) |
|
|
Male and nonpregnant female |
< 5.0 mIU/mL |
< 5.0 IU/L |
Pregnant female |
Varies with gestational age |
|
Urine, qualitative |
|
|
Male and nonpregnant female |
Negative |
Negative |
Pregnant female |
Positive |
Positive |
Clonazepam, serum or plasma (Hep or EDTA); trough |
|
|
Therapeutic |
15–60 ng/mL |
48–190 nmol/L |
Toxic |
> 80 ng/mL |
> 254 nmol/L |
Coagulation tests |
|
|
Antithrombin III (synthetic substrate) |
80–120% of normal |
0.8–1.2 of normal |
Bleeding time (Duke) |
0–6 min |
0–6 min |
Bleeding time (Ivy) |
1–6 min |
1–6 min |
Bleeding time (template) |
2.3–9.5 min |
2.3–9.5 min |
Clot retraction, qualitative |
50–100% in 2 h |
0.5–1.0/2 h |
Coagulation time (Lee-White) |
5–15 min (glass tubes) 19–60 min (siliconized tubes) |
5–15 min (glass tubes) 19–60 min (siliconized tubes) |
Cold hemolysin test (Donath-Landsteiner) |
No hemolysis |
No hemolysis |
Complement components |
|
|
Total hemolytic complement activity, plasma (EDTA) |
75–160 U/mL |
75–160 kU/L |
Total complement decay rate (functional), plasma (EDTA) |
10–20% Deficiency: > 50% |
Fraction decay rate: 0.10–0.20 > 0.50 |
C1q, serum |
14.9–22.1 mg/dL |
149–221 mg/L |
C1r, serum |
2.5–10.0 mg/dL |
25–100 mg/L |
C1s(C2 esterase), serum |
5.0–10.0 mg/dL |
50–100 mg/L |
C2, serum |
1.6–3.6 mg/dL |
16–36 mg/L |
C3, serum |
90–180 mg/dL |
0.9–1.8 g/L |
C4, serum |
10–40 mg/dL |
0.1–0.4 g/L |
C5, serum |
5.5–11.3 mg/dL |
55–113 mg/L |
C6, serum |
17.9–23.9 mg/dL |
179–239 mg/L |
C7, serum |
2.7–7.4 mg/dL |
27–74 mg/L |
C8, serum |
4.9–10.6 mg/dL |
49–106 mg/L |
C9, serum |
3.3–9.5 mg/dL |
33–95 mg/L |
Coombs' test |
|
|
Direct |
Negative |
Negative |
Indirect |
Negative |
Negative |
Copper |
|
|
Serum |
|
|
Male |
70–140 µg/dL |
11–22 µmol/L |
Female |
80–155 µg/dL |
13–24 µmol/L |
Urine |
3–35 µg/24 h |
0.05–0.55 µmol/24 h |
Corpuscular values of erthrocytes (values are for adults; in children, values vary with age) |
|
|
Mean corpuscular hemoglobin (MCH) |
27–31 pg |
0.42–0.48 fmol |
Mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration (MCHC) |
33–37 g/dL |
330–370 g/L |
Mean corpuscular volume (MCV) |
Male: 80–94 µ3
|
Male: 80–94 fL
|
|
Female: 81–99 µ3 |
Female: 81–99 fL |
Cortisol, serum |
|
|
Plasma (Hep, EDTA, Ox) |
|
|
8 A.M. |
5–23 µg/dL |
138–635 nmol/L |
4 P.M. |
3–16 µg/dL |
83–441 nmol/L |
10 P.M. |
< 50% of 8 A.M. value |
< 0.5 of 8 A.M. value |
Free, urine |
< 50 µg/24 h |
< 138 mmol/24 h |
*†Creatine kinase (CK), serum |
|
|
Male |
15–105 U/L (30°C) |
0.26–1.79 µkat/L (30°C) |
Female |
10–80 U/L (30°C) |
0.17–1.36 µkat/L (30°C) |
Note: Strenuous exercise or intramuscular injections may cause transient elevation of CK. |
|
|
*Creatine kinase MB isoenzyme, serum |
0–7 ng/mL |
0–7 µg/L |
*Creatinine |
|
|
Serum or plasma, adult |
|
|
Male |
0.7–1.3 mg/dL |
62–115 µmol/L |
Female |
0.6–1.1 mg/dL |
53–97 µmol/L |
Urine |
|
|
Male |
14–26 mg/kg body weight/24 h |
124–230 µmol/kg body weight/24 h |
Female |
11–20 mg/kg body weight/24 h |
97–177 µmol/kg body weight/24 h |
*Creatinine clearance, sum or plasma and urine |
|
|
Male |
94–140 mL/min/1.73 m2 |
0.91–1.35 mL/s/m2 |
Female |
72–110 mL/min/1.73 m2 |
0.69–1.06 mL/s/m2 |
Cryoglobulins, serum |
0 |
0 |
Cyanide |
|
|
Serum |
|
|
Nonsmokers |
0.004 mg/L |
0.15 µmol/L |
Smokers |
0.006 mg/L |
0.23 µmol/L |
Nitroprusside therapy |
0.01–0.06 mg/L |
0.38–2.30 µmol/L |
Toxic |
> 0.1 mg/L |
> 3.84 µmol/L |
Whole blood (Ox) |
|
|
Nonsmokers |
0.016 mg/L |
0.61 µmol/L |
Smokers |
0.041 mg/L |
1.57 µmol/L |
Nitroprusside therapy |
0.05–0.5 mg/L |
1.92–19.20 µmol/L |
Toxic |
> 1 mg/L |
> 38.40 µmol/L |
Cyclic AMP |
|
|
Plasma (EDTA) |
|
|
Male |
4.6–8.6 nl/mL |
14–26 nmol/L |
Female |
4.3–7.6 ng/mL |
13–23 nmol/L |
Urine, 24 h |
0.3–3.6 mg/d or
|
1.0–10.9 µmol/d or
|
|
0.29–2.1 mg/g creatinine |
100–723 µmol/mol creatinine |
Cystine or cysteine, urine, qualitative |
Negative |
Negative |
*C-Peptide, serum |
0.78–1.89 ng/mL |
0.26–0.62 nmol/L |
C-Reactive protein, serum |
< 0.5 mg/dL |
< 5 mg/L |
*¹Cyclosporine, whole blood |
|
|
Therapeutic, trough |
100–200 ng/mL |
83–166 nmol/L |
Dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA), serum |
|
|
Male |
180–1250 ng/dL |
6.2–43.3 nmol/L |
Female |
130–980 ng/dL |
4.5–34.0 nmol/L |
Dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate (DHEAS), serum or plasma (Hep, EDTA) |
|
|
Male |
59–452 µg/mL |
1.6–12.2 µmol/L |
Female |
|
|
Premenopausal |
12–379 µg/mL |
0.8–10.2 µmol/L |
Postmenopausal |
30–260 µg/mL |
0.8–7.1 µmol/L |
Desipramine, serum or plasma (Hep or EDTA); trough (12 h after dose) |
|
|
Therapeutic |
75–300 ng/mL |
281–1125 nmol/L |
Toxic |
> 400 ng/mL |
>1500 nmol/L |
Diazepam, serum or plasma (Hep or EDTA); trough |
|
|
Therapeutic |
100–1000 ng/mL |
0.35–3.51 µmol/L |
Toxic |
> 5000 ng/mL |
> 17.55 µmol/L |
Digitoxin, serum or plasma (Hep or EDTA); 7.8 h after dose |
|
|
Therapeutic |
20–35 ng/mL |
26–46 nmol/L |
Toxic |
> 45 ng/mL |
> 59 nmol/L |
Digoxin, serum or plasma (Hep or EDTA); ³ 12 h after dose |
|
|
Therapeutic |
|
|
CHF |
0.8–1.5 ng/mL |
1.0–1.9 nmol/L |
Arrhythmias |
1.5–2.0 ng/mL |
1.9–2.6 nmol/L |
Toxic |
|
|
Adult |
> 2.5 ng/mL |
> 3.2 nmol/L |
Child |
> 3.0 ng/mL |
> 3.8 nmol/L |
Disopyramide, serum or plasma (Hep or EDTA); trough |
|
|
Therapeutic arrhythmias |
|
|
Atrial |
2.8–3.2 µg/mL |
8.3–9.4 µmol/L |
Ventricular |
3.3–7.5 µg/mL |
9.7–22 µmol/L |
Toxic |
> 7 µg/mL |
> 20.7 µmol/L |
Doxepin, serum or plasma (Hep or EDTA); trough (³ 12 h after dose) |
|
|
Therapeutic |
150–250 ng/mL |
537–895 nmol/L |
Toxic |
> 500 ng/mL |
> 1790 nmol/L |
*Estradiol, serum |
|
|
Adult |
|
|
Male |
10–50 pg/mL |
37–184 pmol/L |
Female |
Varies with menstrual cycle |
|
Ethanol, whole blood (Ox) or serum |
|
|
Depression of CNS |
> 100 mg/dL |
> 21.7 mmol/L |
Fatalities reported |
> 400 mg/dL |
> 86.8 mmol/L |
Ethosuximide, serum or plasma (Hep or EDTA); trough |
|
|
Therapeutic |
40–100 µg/mL |
283–708 µmol/L |
Toxic |
> 150 µg/mL |
> 1062 µmol/L |
Euglobin lysis |
No lysis in 2 h |
No lysis in 2 h |
a-Fetoprotein (AFP), serum |
< 15 ng/mL |
< 15 µg/L |
Fat, fecal, F, 72 h |
|
|
Infant, breast-fed |
< 1 g/d |
Same |
0–6 y |
< 2 g/d |
Same |
Adult |
< 7 g/d |
Same |
Adult (fat-free diet) |
< 4 g/d |
Same |
§Fatty acids, total, serum |
190–420 mg/dL |
7–15 mmol/L |
Nonesterified, serum |
8–25 mg/dL |
0.28–0.89 mmol/L |
Ferritin, serum |
|
|
Male |
20–250 ng/mL |
20–250 µg/L |
Female |
10–120 ng/mL |
10–120 µg/L |
Ferritin values of < 20 ng/mL (20 µg/L) have been reported to be generally associated with depleted iron stores |
|
|
Fribrin degradation products |
< 10 µg/mL |
< 10 mg/L |
*Fibrinogen, plasma (NaCit) |
200–400 mg/dL |
2–4 g/L |
Fluoride |
|
|
Plasma (Hep) |
0.01–0.2 µg/mL |
0.5–10.5 µmol/L |
Urine |
0.2–3.2 µg/mL |
10.5–168 µmol/L |
Urine, occupational exposure |
< 8 µg/mL |
< 421 µmol/L |
*Folate |
|
|
Serum
|
3–20 ng/mL
|
7–45 nmol/L
|
Erythrocytes |
140–628 ng/mL RBC |
317–1422 nmol/L RBC |
*Follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), serum and plasma (Hep) |
|
|
Male |
1.4–15.4 mIU/mL |
1.4–15.4 IU/L |
Female |
|
|
Follicular phase |
1–10 mIU/mL |
1–10 IU/L |
Mid-cycle |
6–17 mIU/mL |
6–17 IU/L |
Luteal phase |
1–9 mIU/mL |
1–9 IU/L |
Postmenopausal |
19–100 mIU/mL |
19–100 IU/L |
*Free thyroxine index (FTI), serum |
4.2–13 |
Same |
Gastrin, serum |
< 100 pg/mL |
< 100 ng/L |
Gentamicin, serum or plasma (EDTA) |
|
|
Therapeutic |
|
|
Peak |
|
|
Less severe infection |
5–8 µg/mL |
10.4–16.7 µmol/L |
Severe infection |
8–10 µg/mL |
16.7–20.9 µmol/L |
Trough |
|
|
Less severe infection |
< 1 µg/mL |
< 2.1 µmol/L |
Moderate infection |
< 2 µg/mL |
< 4.2 µmol/L |
Severe infection |
< 2–4 µg/mL |
< 4.2–8.4 µmol/L |
Toxic |
|
|
Peak |
> 10–12 µg/mL |
> 21–25 µmol/L |
Trough |
> 2–4 µg/mL |
> 4.2–8.4 µmol/L |
Glucose (fasting) |
|
|
Blood |
65–95 mg/dL |
3.5–5.3 mmol/L |
Plasma or serum |
74–106 mg/dL |
4.1–5.9 mmol/L |
Glucose, 2 h postprandial, serum |
< 120 mg/dL |
< 6.7 mmol/L |
Glucose, urine |
|
|
Quantitative |
< 500 mg/24 h |
< 2.8 mmol/24 h |
Qualitative |
Negative |
Negative |
Glucose, CSF |
40–70 mg/dL |
2.2–3.9 mmol/L |
*Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G-6-PD) in erythrocytes, whole blood (ACD, EDTA, or Hep) |
12.1 ± 2.1 U/g Hb (SD)
|
0.78 ± 0.13 mU/mol Hb
|
|
351 ± 60.6 U/1012 RBC
|
0.35 ± 0.06 nU/RBC
|
|
4.11 ± 0.71 U/mL RBC |
4.11 ± 0.71 kU/L RBC |
γ-Glutamyltransferase (GGT), serum |
|
|
Male |
2–30 U/L (37°C) |
0.03–0.51 µkat/L (37°C) |
Female |
1–24 U/L (37°C) |
0.02–0.41 µkat/L (37°C) |
Glutethimide, serum |
|
|
Therapeutic |
2–6 µg/mL |
9–28 µmol/L |
Toxic |
> 5 µg/mL |
> 23 µmol/L |
Glycated hemoglobin (hemoglobin A1c), whole blood (EDTA) |
4.2%–5.9% |
0.042–0.059 |
Growth hormone, serum |
|
|
Male |
< 5 ng/mL |
< 5 µg/L |
Female |
< 10 ng/mL |
< 10 µg/L |
Haptoglobin, serum |
30–200 mg/dL |
0.3–2.0g/L |
HDL-cholesterol (HDL-C), serum or plasma (EDTA) |
|
|
Adult |
Desirable: > 40 mg/dL |
Desirable: > 1.04 mmol/L |
|
Borderline: 35–40 mg/dL |
Borderline: 0.78–1.04 mmol/L |
|
High risk: < 35 mg/dL |
High risk: < 0.78 mmol/L |
Hematocrit |
|
|
Male |
42–52% |
0.42–0.52 |
Female |
37–47% |
0.37–0.47 |
Newborn |
53–65% |
0.53–0.65 |
Children (varies with age) |
30–43% |
0.30–0.43 |
Hemoglobin (Hb) |
|
|
Male |
14.0–18.0 g/dL |
2.17–2.79 mmol/L |
Female |
12.0–16.0 g/dL |
1.86–2.48 mmol/L |
Newborn |
17.0–23.0 g/dL |
2.64–3.57 mmol/L |
Children (varies with age) |
11.2–16.5 g/dL |
1.74–2.56 mmol/L |
Hemoglobin, fetal |
³ 1 y old: < 2% of total Hb |
³ 1 y old: < 0.02% of total Hb |
Hemoglobin, plasma |
< 3 mg/dL |
< 0.47 µmol/L |
Hemoglobin and myoglobin, urine, qualitative |
Negative |
Negative |
Hemoglobin electrophoresis, whole blood (EDTA, Cit or Hep) |
|
|
HbA |
> 95% |
> 0.95 Hb fraction |
HbA2 |
1.5–3.7% |
0.015–0.037 Hb fraction |
HbF |
< 2% |
< 0.02 Hb fraction |
Homogentisic acid, urine, qualitative |
Negative |
Negative |
b-Hydroxybutyric acid, serum, plasma |
0.21–2.81 mg/dL |
20–270 µmol/L |
17-Hydroxycorticosteroids |
|
|
Urine |
|
|
Male |
3–10 mg/24 h |
8.3–27.6 µmol/24 h (as cortisol) |
Female |
2–8 mg/24 h |
5.5–22 µmol/24 h (as cortisol) |
5-Hydroxyindoleacetic acid, urine |
|
|
Qualitative |
Negative |
Negative |
Quantitative |
2–7 mg/24 h |
10.4–36.6 µmol/24 h |
Imipramine, serum or plasma (Hep or EDTA); trough (³ 12 h after dose) |
|
|
Therapeutic |
150–250 ng/mL |
536–893 nmol/L |
Toxic |
> 500 ng/mL |
> 1785 nmol/L |
Immunoglobulins, serum |
|
|
IgG |
700–1600 mg/dL |
7–16 g/L |
IgA |
70–400 mg/dL |
0.7–4.0 g/L |
IgM |
40–230 mg/dL |
0.4–2.3 g/L |
IgD |
0–8 mg/dL |
0–80 mg/L |
IgE |
3–423 IU/mL |
3–423 kIU/L |
Immunoglobulin G (IgG), CSF |
0.5–6.1 mg/dL |
0.5–6.1 g/L |
Insulin, plasma (fasting) |
2–25 µU/mL |
13–174 pmol/L |
*Iron, serum |
|
|
Male |
65–175 µg/dL |
11.6–31.3 µmol/L |
Female |
50–170 µg/dL |
9.0–30.4 µmol/L |
Iron binding capacity, serum, total (TIBC) |
250–425 µg/dL |
44.8–71.6 µmol/L |
Iron saturation, serum |
|
|
Male |
20–50% |
0.2–0.5 |
Female |
15–50% |
0.15–0.5 |
17-Ketosteroids, urine |
|
|
Male |
10–25 mg/24 h |
38–87 µmol/24 h |
Female |
6–14 mg/24 h (decrease with age) |
21–52 µmol/24 h (decrease with age) |
L-Lactate |
|
|
Plasma (NaF) |
|
|
Venous |
4.5–19.8 mg/dL |
0.5–2.2 mmol/L |
Arterial |
4.5–14.4 mg/dL |
0.5–1.6 mmol/L |
Whole blood (Hep), at bed rest |
|
|
Venous |
8.1–15.3 mg/dL |
0.9–1.7 mmol/L |
Arterial |
< 11.3 mg/dL |
< 1.3 mmol/L |
Urine, 24 h |
496–1982 mg/d |
5.5–22 mmol/d |
CSF |
10–22 mg/dL |
1.1–2.4 mmol/L |
*Lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) |
|
|
Total (L®P), 37°C, serum |
|
|
Newborn |
290–775 U/L |
4.9–13.2 µkat/L |
Neonate |
545–2000 U/L |
9.3–34 µkat/L |
Infant |
180–430 U/L |
3.1–7.3 µkat/L |
Child |
110–295 U/L |
1.9–5 µkat/L |
Adult |
100–190 U/L |
1.7–3.2 µkat/L |
> 60 y |
110–210 U/L |
1.9–3.6 µkat/L |
*Isoenzymes, serum by agarose gel electrophoresis |
|
|
Fraction 1 |
14–26% of total |
0.14–0.26 fraction of total |
Fraction 2 |
29–39% of total |
0.29–0.39 fraction of total |
Fraction 3 |
20–26% of total |
0.20–0.26 fraction of total |
Fraction 4 |
8–16% of total |
0.08–0.16 fraction of total |
Fraction 5 |
6–16% of total |
0.06–0.16 fraction of total |
*Lactate dehydrogenase, CSF |
10% of serum value |
0.10 fraction of serum value |
LDL-cholesterol (LDL-C), serum or plasma (EDTA) |
|
|
Adult |
Desirable: < 130 mg/dL
|
Desirable: < 3.37 mmol/L
|
|
Borderline: 130–159 mg/dL
|
Borderline: 3.37–4.12 mmol/L
|
|
High risk: ³ 160 mg/dL |
High risk: ³ 4.13 mmol/L |
Lead |
|
|
Whole blood (Hep) |
< 10 µg/dL |
< 0.48 µmol/L |
Urine, 24 h |
< 80 µg/d |
< 0.39 µmol/d |
Lecithin-sphingomyelin (L/S) ratio, amniotic fluid |
2.0–5.0 indicates probable fetal lung maturity; > 3.5 in diabetics |
Same |
Lidocaine, serum or plasma (Hep or EDTA); 45 min after bolus dose |
|
|
Therapeutic |
1.5–6.0 µg/mL |
6.4–26 µmol/L |
Toxic |
|
|
CNS, cardiovascular depression |
6–8 µg/mL |
26–34.2 µmol/L |
Seizures, obtundation, decreased cardiac output |
> 8 µg/mL |
> 34.2 µmol/L |
*Lipase, serum |
23–300 U/L (37°C) |
0.39–5.1 µkat/L (37°C) |
Lithium, serum or plasma (Hep or EDTA); 12 h after last dose |
|
|
Therapeutic |
0.6–1.2 mEq/L |
0.6–1.2 mmol/L |
Toxic |
> 2 mEq/L |
> 2 mmol/L |
Lorazepam, serum or plasma (Hep or EDTA) |
|
|
Therapeutic |
50–240 ng/mL |
156–746 nmol/L |
*Luteinizing hormone (LH), serum or plasma (Hep) |
|
|
Male |
1.24–7.8 mIU/mL |
1.24–7.8 IU/L |
Female |
|
|
Follicular phase |
1.68–15.0 mIU/mL |
1.68–15.0 IU/L |
Mid-cycle peak |
21.9–56.6 mIU/mL |
21.9–56.6 IU/L |
Luteal phase |
0.61–16.3 mIU/mL |
0.61–16.3 IU/L |
Postmenopausal |
14.2–52.5 mIU/mL |
14.2–52.3 IU/L |
Magnesium |
|
|
Serum |
1.3–2.1 mEq/L
|
0.65–1.07 mmol/L
|
|
1.6–2.6 mg/dL |
16–26 mg/L |
Urine |
6.0–10.0 mEq/24 h |
3.0–5.0 mmol/24 h |
Mercury |
|
|
Whole blood (EDTA) |
0.6–59 µg/L |
< 0.29 µmol/L |
Urine, 24 h |
< 20 µg/d |
< 0.1 µmol/d |
Toxic |
> 150 µg/d |
> 0.75 µmol/d |
Metanephrines, total, urine |
0.1–1.6 mg/24 h |
0.5–8.1 µmol/24 h |
Methemoglobin (MetHb, hemoglobin), whole blood (EDTA, Hep or ACD) |
0.06–0.24 g/dL or
|
9.3–37.2 µmol/L or
|
|
0.78 ± 0.37% of total Hb (SD) |
Mass fraction of total Hb: 0.008 ± 0.0037 (SD) |
Methotrexate, serum or plasma (Hep or EDTA) |
|
|
Therapeutic |
Variable |
Variable |
Toxic |
|
|
1–2 wk after low dose therapy |
³ 0.02 µmol/L |
Same |
post IV infusion |
24 h: ³ 5 µmol/L
|
24 h: Same
|
|
48 h: ³ 0.5 µmol/L
|
48 h: Same
|
|
72 h: ³ 0.05 µmol/L |
72 h: Same |
Myelin basic protein, CSF |
< 2.5 ng/mL |
< 2.5 µg/L |
Myoglobin, serum |
< 85 ng/mL |
< 85 µg/L |
Nortriptyline, serum or plasma (Hep or EDTA); trough (³ 12 h after dose) |
|
|
Therapeutic |
50–150 ng/mL |
190–570 nmol/L |
Toxic |
> 500 ng/mL |
> 1900 nmol/L |
*5'-Nucleotidase, serum |
2–17 U/L |
0.034–0.29 µkat/L |
N-Acetylprocainamide, serum or plasma (Hep or EDTA); trough |
|
|
Therapeutic |
5–30 µg/mL |
18–108 µmol/L |
Toxic |
> 40 µg/mL |
> 144 µmol/L |
Occult blood, feces, random |
Negative (< 2 mL blood/150 g stool/d) |
Negative (< 13.3 mL blood/kg stool/d) |
Qualitative, urine, random |
Negative |
Negative |
Osmolality |
|
|
Serum |
275–295 mOsm/kg serum water |
275–295 mmol/kg serum water |
Urine |
50–1200 mOsm/kg water |
50–1200 mmol/kg water |
Ratio, urine/serum |
1.0–3.0
|
Same |
|
3.0–4.7 after 12 h fluid restriction |
|
Osmotic fragility of erythrocytes |
Begins in 0.45–0.39% NaCl
|
Begins in 77–67 mmol/L NaCl
|
|
Complete in 0.33–0.30% NaCl |
Complete in 56–51 mmol/L NaCl |
Oxazepam, serum or plasma (Hep or EDTA), therapeutic |
0.2–1.4 µg/mL |
0.70–4.9 µmol/L |
Oxygen, blood |
|
|
Capacity |
16–24 vol% (varies with hemoglobin) |
7.14–10.7 mmol/L (varies with hemoglobin) |
Content |
|
|
Arterial |
15–23 vol% |
6.69–10.3 mmol/L |
Venous |
10–16 vol% |
4.46–7.14 mmol/L |
Saturation |
|
|
Arterial and capillary |
95–98% of capacity |
0.95–0.98 of capacity |
Venous |
60–85% of capacity |
0.60–0.85 of capacity |
Tension |
|
|
pO2 arterial and capillary |
83–108 mm Hg |
11.1–14.4 kPa |
Venous |
35–45 mm Hg |
4.6–6.0 kPa |
P50, blood |
25–29 mm Hg (adjusted to pH 7.4) |
3.33–3.86 kPa |
Partial thromboplastin time, activated (APTT) |
< 35 sec |
< 35 sec |
Pentobarbital, serum or plasma (Hep or EDTA); trough |
|
|
Therapeutic |
|
|
Hypnotic |
1–5 µg/mL |
4–22 µmol/L |
Therapeutic coma |
20–50 µg/mL |
88–221 µmol/L |
Toxic |
> 10 µg/mL |
>44 µmol/L |
pH |
|
|
Blood, arterial |
7.35–7.45 |
7.35–7.45 |
Urine |
4.6–8.0 (depends on diet) |
Same |
Phenacetin, plasma (EDTA) |
|
|
Therapeutic |
1–30 µg/mL |
6–167 µmol/L |
Toxic |
50–250 µg/mL |
279–1395 µmol/L |
Phenobarbital, serum or plasma (Hep or EDTA); trough |
|
|
Therapeutic |
15–40 µg/mL |
65–172 µmol/L |
Toxic |
|
|
Slowness, ataxia, nystagmus |
35–80 µg/mL |
151–345 µmol/L |
Coma with reflexes |
65–117 µg/mL |
280–504 µmol/L |
Coma without reflexes |
> 100 µg/mL |
> 430 µmol/L |
Phenolsulfonphthalein excretion (PSP), urine |
28–51% in 15 min
|
0.28–0.51 in 15 min
|
|
13–24% in 30 min
|
0.13–0.24 in 30 min
|
|
9–17% in 60 min
|
0.09–0.17 in 60 min |
|
3–10% in 2 h
|
0.03–0.10 in 2 h
|
|
(After injection of 1 mL PSP intravenously) |
(After injection of 1 mL PSP intravenously) |
Phenylalanine, serum |
0.8–1.8 mg/dL |
48–109 µmol/L |
Phenytoin, serum or plasma (Hep or EDTA); trough |
|
|
Therapeutic |
10–20 µg/mL |
40–79 µmol/L |
Toxic |
> 20 µg/mL |
> 79 µmol/L |
*Phosphatase, acid, prostatic, serum RIA |
< 3.0 ng/mL |
< 3.0 µg/L |
*Phosphatase, alkaline, total, serum |
38–126 U/L (37°C) |
0.65–2.14 µkat/L |
Phosphate, inorganic, serum |
|
|
Adults |
2.7–4.5 mg/dL |
0.87–1.45 mmol/L |
Children |
4.5–5.5 mg/dL |
1.45–1.78 mmol/L |
Phosphatidylglycerol (PG), amniotic fluid |
|
|
Fetal lung immaturity |
Absent |
Same |
Fetal lung maturity |
Present |
Same |
Phospholipids, serum |
125–275 mg/dL |
1.25–2.75 g/L |
Phosphorus, urine |
0.4–1.3 g/24 h |
12.9–42 mmol/24 h |
Porphobilinogen, urine |
|
|
Qualitative |
Negative |
Negative |
Quantitative |
< 2.0 mg/24 h |
< 9 µmol/24 h |
Porphyrins, urine |
|
|
Coproporphyrin |
34–230 µg/24 h |
52–351 nmol/24 h |
Uroporphyrin |
27–52 µg/24 h |
32–63 nmol/24 h |
Potassium, plasma (Hep) |
|
|
Male |
3.5–4.5 mEq/L |
3.5–4.5 mmol/L |
Female |
3.4–4.4 mEq/L |
3.4–4.4 mmol/L |
Potassium |
|
|
Serum |
|
|
Premature |
|
|
Cord |
5.0–10.2 mEq/L |
5.0–10.2 mmol/L |
48 h |
3.0–6.0 mEq/L |
3.0–6.0 mmol/L |
Newborn, cord |
5.6–12.0 mEq/L |
5.6–12.0 mmol/L |
Newborn |
3.7–5.9 mEq/L |
3.7–5.9 mmol/L |
Infant |
4.1–5.3 mEq/L |
4.1–5.3 mmol/L |
Child |
3.4–4.7 mEq/L |
3.4–4.7 mmol/L |
Adult |
3.5–5.1 mEq/L |
3.5–5.1 mmol/L |
Urine, 24 h |
25–125 mEq/d, varies with diet |
25–125 mmol/d; varies with diet |
CSF |
70% of plasma level or 2.5–3.2 mEq/L; rises with plasma hyperosmolality |
0.70 of plasma level or 2.5–3.2 mmol/L; rises with plasma hyperosmolality |
Prealbumin (transthyretin), serum |
10–40 mg/dL |
100–400 mg/L |
Primidone, serum or plasma (Hep or EDTA); trough |
|
|
Therapeutic |
5–12 µg/mL |
23–55 µmol/L |
Toxic |
> 15 µg/mL |
> 69 µmol/L |
Procainamide, serum or plasma (Hep or EDTA); trough |
|
|
Therapeutic |
4–10 µg/mL |
17–42 µmol/L |
Toxic (also consider effect of metabolite (NAPA)) |
> 10–12 µg/mL |
> 42–51 µmol/L |
*Progesterone, serum |
|
|
Adult |
|
|
Male |
13–97 ng/dL |
0.4–3.1 nmol/L |
Female |
|
|
Follicular phase |
15–70 ng/dL |
0.5–2.2 nmol/L |
Luteal phase |
200–2500 ng/dL |
6.4–79.5 nmol/L |
Pregnancy |
Varies with gestational week |
|
*Prolactin, serum |
|
|
Male |
2.5–15.0 ng/mL |
2.5–15.0 µg/L |
Female |
2.5–19.0 ng/mL |
2.5–19.0 µg/L |
Propoxyphene, plasma (EDTA) |
|
|
Therapeutic |
0.1–0.4 µg/mL |
0.3–1.2 µmol/L |
Toxic |
> 0.5 µg/mL |
> 1.5 µmol/L |
Propranolol, serum or plasma (Hep or EDTA); trough |
|
|
Therapeutic |
50–100 ng/mL |
193–386 nmol/L |
*Prostate-specific antigen (PSA), serum |
|
|
Male |
< 4.0 ng/mL |
< 4.0 µg/L |
*Protein, serum |
|
|
Total |
6.4–8.3 g/dL |
64–83 g/L |
Albumin |
3.9–5.1 g/dL |
39–51 g/L |
Globulin |
|
|
a1 |
0.2–0.4 g/dL |
2–4 g/L |
a2 |
0.4–0.8 g/dL |
4–8 g/L |
b |
0.5–1.0 g/dL |
5–10 g/L |
γ |
0.6–1.3 g/dL |
6–13 g/L |
Urine |
|
|
Qualitative |
Negative |
Negative |
Quantitative |
50–80 mg/24 h (at rest) |
Same |
CSF, total |
8–32 mg/dL |
80–320 mg/dL |
Prothrombin consumption |
> 20 sec |
> 20 sec |
*Prothrombin time (PT) |
12–14 sec |
12–14 sec |
Protoporphyrin, total, WB |
< 60 µg/dL |
< 600 µg/L |
Pyruvate, blood |
0.3–0.9 mg/dL |
34–103 µmol/L |
Quinidine, serum or plasma (Hep or EDTA); trough |
|
|
Therapeutic |
2–5 µg/mL |
6–15 µmol/L |
Toxic |
> 6 µg/mL |
> 18 µmol/L |
Salicylates, serum or plasma (Hep or EDTA); trough |
|
|
Therapeutic |
150–300 µg/mL |
1.09–2.17 mmol/L |
Toxic |
> 500 µg/mL |
> 3.62 mmol/L |
Sedimentation rate |
|
|
Wintrobe |
|
|
Male |
0–10 mm in 1 h |
0–10 mm/h |
Female |
0–20 mm in 1 h |
0–20 mm/h |
Westergren |
|
|
Male (< 50 yr) |
0–15 mm in 1 h |
0–15 mm/h |
Female (< 50 yr) |
0–20 mm in 1 h |
0–120 mm/h |
Sodium |
|
|
Serum or plasma (Hep) |
|
|
Premature |
|
|
Cord |
116–140 mEq/L |
116–140 mmol/L |
48 h |
128–148 mEq/L |
128–148 mmol/L |
Newborn, cord |
126–166 mEq/L |
126–166 mmol/L |
Newborn |
133–146 mEq/L |
133–146 mmol/L |
Infant |
139–146 mEq/L |
139–146 mmol/L |
Child |
138–145 mEq/L |
138–145 mmol/L |
Adult |
136–145 mEq/L |
136–145 mmol/L |
Urine, 24 h |
40–220 mEq/d (diet dependent) |
40–220 mmol/d (diet dependent) |
Sweat |
|
|
Normal |
10–40 mEq/L |
10–40 mmol/L |
Cystic fibrosis |
70–190 mEq/L |
70–190 mmol/L |
Specific gravity, urine |
1.002–1.030 |
1.002–1.030 |
*Testosterone, serum |
|
|
Male |
280–1100 ng/dL |
0.52–38.17 nmol/L |
Female |
15–70 ng/dL |
0.52–2.43 nmol/L |
Pregnancy |
3–4 × normal |
3–4 × normal |
Postmenopausal |
8–35 ng/dL |
0.28–1.22 nmol/L |
Theophylline, serum or plasma (Hep or EDTA) |
|
|
Therapeutic |
|
|
Bronchodilator |
8–20 µg/mL |
44–111 µmol/L |
Prem. apnea |
6–13 µg/mL |
33–72 µmol/L |
Toxic |
> 20 µg/mL |
> 110 µmol/L |
Thiocyanate |
|
|
Serum or plasma (EDTA) |
|
|
Nonsmoker |
1–4 µg/mL |
17–69 µmol/L |
Smoker |
3–12 µg/mL |
52–206 µmol/L |
Therapeutic after nitroprusside infusion |
6–29 µg/mL |
103–499 µmol/L |
Urine |
|
|
Nonsmoker |
1–4 mg/d |
17–69 µmol/d |
Smoker |
7–17 mg/d |
120–292 µmol/d |
Thiopental, serum or plasma (Hep or EDTA); trough |
|
|
Hypnotic |
1.0–5.0 µg/mL |
4.1–20.7 µmol/L |
Coma |
30–100 µg/mL |
124–413 µmol/L |
Anesthesia |
7–130 µg/mL |
29–536 µmol/L |
Toxic concentration |
> 10 µg/mL |
> 41 µmol/L |
*Thryoid-stimulating hormone (TSH), serum |
0.4–4.2 µU/mL |
0.4–4.2 mU/L |
Thyroxine (T4) serum |
5–12 µg/dL (varies with age, higher in children and pregnant women) |
65–155 nmol/L (varies with age, higher in children and pregnant women) |
*Thyroxine, free, serum |
0.8–2.7 ng/dL |
10.3–35 pmol/L |
Thyroxine binding globulin (TBG), serum |
1.2–3.0 mg/dL |
12–30 mg/L |
Tobramycin, serum or plasma (Hep or EDTA) |
|
|
Therapeutic |
|
|
Peak |
|
|
Less severe infection |
5–8 µg/mL |
11–17 µmol/L |
Severe infection |
8–10 µg/mL |
17–21 µmol/L |
Trough |
|
|
Less severe infection |
< 1 µg/mL |
< 2 µmol/L |
Moderate infection |
< 2 µg/mL |
< 4 µmol/L |
Severe infection |
< 2–4 µg/mL |
< 4–9 µmol/L |
Toxic |
|
|
Peak |
> 10–12 µg/mL |
> 21–26 µmol/L |
Trough |
> 2– 4 µg/mL |
> 4–9 µmol/L |
Transferrin, serum |
|
|
Newborn |
130–275 mg/dL |
1.30–2.75 g/L |
Adult |
212–360 mg/dL |
2.12–3.60 g/L |
> 60 yr |
190–375 mg/dL |
1.9–3.75 g/L |
Triglycerides, serum, fasting |
|
|
Desirable |
< 250 mg/dL |
< 2.83 mmol/L |
Borderline high |
250–500 mg/dL |
2.83–5.67 mmol/L |
Hypertriglyceridemic |
> 500 mg/dL |
> 5.65 mmol/L |
*Triiodothyronine, total (T3) serum |
45–137 ng/dL |
0.69–2.1 nmol/L |
*Troponin-I, cardiac, serum |
undetectable |
undetectable |
Troponin-T, cardiac, serum |
undetectable |
undetectable |
*Uric acid |
|
|
Serum, enzymatic |
|
|
Male |
4.5–8.0 mg/dL |
0.27–0.47 mmol/L |
Female |
2.5–6.2 mg/dL |
0.15–0.37 mmol/L |
Child |
2.0–5.5 mg/dL |
0.12–0.32 mmol/L |
Urine |
250–750 mg/24 h (with normal diet) |
1.48–4.43 mmol/24 h (with normal diet) |
Urea nitrogen, serum |
6–20 mg/dL |
2.1–7.1 mmol urea/L |
Urea nitrogen/creatinine ratio, serum |
12:1 to 20:1 |
48–80 urea/creatinine mole ratio |
Urobilinogen, urine |
0.1–0.8 Ehrlich unit/2 h
|
Same |
|
0.5–4.0 mg/24 h |
Same |
Valproic acid, serum or plasma (Hep or EDTA); trough |
|
|
Therapeutic |
50–100 µg/mL |
347–693 µmol/L |
Toxic |
> 100 µg/mL |
> 693 µmol/L |
Vancomycin, serum or plasma (Hep or EDTA) |
|
|
Therapeutic |
|
|
Peak |
20–40 µg/mL |
14–28 µmol/L |
Trough |
5–10 µg/mL |
3–7 µmol/L |
Toxic |
> 80–100 µg/mL |
> 55–69 µmol/L |
Vanillylmandelic acid (VMA), urine (4-hydroxy-3-methoxymandelic acid) |
1.4–6.5 mg/24 h |
7–33 µmol/d |
Viscosity, serum |
1.00–1.24 cP |
1.00–1.24 cP |
Vitamin A, serum |
30–80 µg/dL |
1.05–2.8 µmol/L |
Vitamin B12, serum |
110–800 pg/mL |
81–590 pmol/L |
Vitamin E, serum |
|
|
Normal |
5–18 µg/mL |
12–42 µmol/L |
Therapeutic |
30–50 µg/mL |
69.6–116 µmol/L |
Zinc, serum |
70–120 µg/dL |
10.7–18.4 µmol/L |