cholic |
Relating to the bile. Synonym: choleic. (05 Mar 2000) |
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cholic acid |
A family of steroids comprising the bile acids (or salts), generally in conjugated form (e.g., glycocholic and taurocholic acids). Chemically, cholic acids are cholan-24-oic (cholanic) acids (the terminal C24 of cholane becoming a -COOH group); biologically, cholic acids are derived from cholesterol (a cholestane derivative) and display varying degrees of oxidation (OH groups) and orientation at positions 3, 7, and 12. It is these oxidations and orientations that distinguish the several cholic acid; e.g., cholic acid is 3a,7a,12a-trihydroxy-5b-cholan-24-oic acid, deoxycholic acid is 3a,12a-dihydroxy-5b-cholanic acid. Synonym: cholalic acid, cholanic acid. (05 Mar 2000) |
cholic acids |
<chemical> The 3 alpha,7 alpha,12 alpha-trihydroxy-5 beta-cholanic acid family of bile acids in man, usually conjugated with glycine or taurine. They act as detergents to solubilise fats for intestinal absorption, are reabsorbed by the small intestine, and are used as cholagogues and choleretics. Pharmacological action: cholagogues and choleretics, gastrointestinal agents. (12 Dec 1998) |
cholicele |
Enlargement of the gallbladder due to retained fluids. Origin: G. Chole, bile, + kele, tumour (05 Mar 2000) |
choline |
<biochemistry> Esterified in the head group of phospholipids (phosphatidylcholine and sphingomyelin) and in the neurotransmitter acetylcholine. Otherwise a biological source of methyl groups. (18 Nov 1997) |
choline acetylase |
<enzyme> An enzyme that controls the production of acetylcholine, appears to be depleted in the brains of alzheimer patients. (22 May 1997) |
choline acetyltransferase |
<enzyme> An enzyme that controls the production of acetylcholine, appears to be depleted in the brains of alzheimer patients. (22 May 1997) |
choline chloride |
<chemical> A lipotropic agent. (05 Mar 2000) |
choline deficiency |
A condition produced by a deficiency of choline in animals. Choline is known as a lipotropic agent because it has been shown to promote the transport of excess fat from the liver under certain conditions in laboratory animals. Combined deficiency of choline (included in the b vitamin complex) and all other methyl group donors causes liver cirrhosis in some animals. Unlike compounds normally considered as vitamins, choline does not serve as a cofactor in enzymatic reactions. (12 Dec 1998) |
choline dihydrogen citrate |
<chemical> A lipotropic agent. Chemical name: (2-hydroxyethyl)trimethylammonium citrate. (17 Jul 2002) |
choline esterase I |
<enzyme, neurology, physiology> An enzyme that breaks down unused acetylcholine in the synaptic cleft (the space between neurons), this enzyme is necessary to restore the synaptic cleft so it is ready to transmit the next nerve impulse. (06 May 1997) |
choline esterase II |
<enzyme> An enzyme that breaks down acetylcholine tostop its action. (22 May 1997) |
choline kinase |
<enzyme> An enzyme that is active in the first step of choline phosphoglyceride (lecithin) biosynthesis by catalyzing the phosphorylation of choline to phosphorylcholine in the presence of ATP. Ethanolamine and its methyl and ethyl derivatives can also act as acceptors. Chemical name: ATP:choline phosphotransferase Registry number: EC 2.7.1.32 (12 Dec 1998) |
choline monooxygenase |
<enzyme> Catalyses conversion of choline to the hydrate form of betaine aldehyde. Registry number: EC 1.- Synonym: cmo enzyme (26 Jun 1999) |
choline o-acetyltransferase |
<enzyme> An enzyme that catalyses the formation of acetylcholine from acetyl-CoA and choline. Chemical name: Acetyl-CoA:choline O-acetyltransferase Registry number: EC 2.3.1.6 (12 Dec 1998) |