acetyladenylate |
Mixed anhydride between the carboxyl group of acetic acid and the phosphoric residue of adenosine 5'-monophosphoric acid; Ado(5')OP(O2H)-OCOCH3. (05 Mar 2000) |
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acetylajmaline acetylesterase |
<enzyme> From rauwolfia serpentina benth.; catalyses the reversible hydrolysis of 17-o-acetylated alkaloids of the ajmalan group to ajmaline or other deacetylated cpds Registry number: EC 3.1.1.- (26 Jun 1999) |
acetylase |
Any enzyme catalyzing acetylation or deacetylation, as in the formation of N-acetylglutamate from glutamate plus acetyl-CoA, or the reverse; acetylase's are usually called acetyltransferases. (05 Mar 2000) |
acetylation |
Formation of an acetyl derivative. (12 Dec 1998) |
acetylcarbromal |
N-acetyl-N'-(bromodiethylacetyl)urea;a sedative replaced by benzodiazepines and newer drugs. (05 Mar 2000) |
acetylcarnitine |
<chemical> An acetic acid ester of carnitine that facilitates movement of acetyl CoA into the matrices of mammalian mitochondria during the oxidation of fatty acids. Pharmacological action: nootropic agents. Chemical name: 1-Propanaminium, 2-(acetyloxy)-3-carboxy-N,N,N-trimethyl-, inner salt (12 Dec 1998) |
acetylcholine |
<chemical, neurology, physiology> A chemical found in vertebrate neurons that carries information across the synaptic cleft, the space between two nerve cells. (06 May 1997) |
acetylcholine chloride |
A miotic, administered as an ophthalmic solution for parasympathomimetic effect; used in cataract surgery. (05 Mar 2000) |
acetylcholine receptor antibodies |
<neurology, investigation> A test used to measure the amount of antibodies to acetylcholine receptors on nerve endings. This is a diagnostic test for myasthenia gravis. A normal value is no antibodies in the bloodstream. Acetylcholine receptor (AChR) binding autoantibodies (i.e. Antibodies reactive with several epitopes other than the binding site for acetylcholine or alpha-bungarotoxin) are present in approximately 88% of patients with generalised myasthenia gravis, 70% of ocular myasthenia and in approximately 80% of myasthenia gravis in remission. Although serum concentrations of AChR binding autoantibodies do not in general correlate well with severity of weakness, there is typical decrease in concentration as weakness improves with immunosuppressive therapy. AChR blocking autoantibodies (i.e., antibodies reactive with the AChR binding site) are present in about 50% of patients with myasthenia gravis, 30% with ocular myasthenia gravis and 20% of myasthenia gravis in remission, AChR blocking autoantibodies are the only AChR autoantibodies present in about 1% of myasthenia gravis. AChR modulating autoantibodies (i.e., autoantibodies which cross-link AChRs and cause their removal from muscle membrane surfaces) are present in more than 90% of myasthenia gravis and occasionally are the only AchR autoantibodies detectable in mild, recent onset or ocular-restricted myasthenia gravis. Results for AChR modulating autoantibodies can be transiently false-positive due to curare-like drugs used during general anesthesia. AChR autoantibodies of one or more types are found in at least 80% of ocular myasthenia gravis. Although generally absent in neurological conditions other than myasthenia gravis(and consequently unlikely to cause confusion in neurodiagnosis), false-positive results for AChR autoantibodies occasionally occur in primary biliary cirrhosis, tardive dyskinesia, autoimmune thyroiditis, the elderly, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis patients treated with cobra venom and patients with thymoma in the absence of myasthenia gravis. Approximately 1% of patients with rheumatoid arthritis treated with D-penicillamine develop AChR autoantibodies and myasthenia gravis, both of which disappear when the drug is discontinued. Babies born to ~10% of myasthenia gravis mothers have a transient neonatal form of myasthenia gravis that responds well to anticholinesterase therapy and usually remits within 1 month as maternal IgG disappears. (29 Dec 1997) |
acetylcholinesterase |
<enzyme, neurology, physiology> An enzyme that breaks down unused acetylcholine in the synaptic cleft (the space between neurons), this enzyme is necessary to restore the synaptic cleft so it is ready to transmit the next nerve impulse. (06 May 1997) |
acetylcysteine |
<chemical> A white, crystalline powder used as a mucolytic agent for adjunct therapy in bronchopulmonary disorders to reduce the viscosity of mucus and facilitate its removal. It is administered by instillation or nebulization. It has also been shown to have antiviral effects in patients with HIV due to inhibition of viral stimulation by reactive oxygen intermediates. Pharmacological action: antiviral agents, expectorants, free radical scavengers. Chemical name: L-Cysteine, N-acetyl- (12 Dec 1998) |
acetyldigitoxin |
The alpha-acetyl ester of digitoxin derived from lanatoside A, having the same actions and uses as digitoxin, but more rapid onset and shorter duration of action. (05 Mar 2000) |
acetyldigitoxins |
<chemical> 3 beta,14 beta-dihydroxy-5 beta-card-20(22)-enolide 3-monoacetyl tridigitoxosides. Cardioactive derivatives of lanatoside a or of digitoxin. They are used for fast digitalization in congestive heart failure. Pharmacological action: anti-arrhythmia agents, cardiotonic agent, enzyme inhibitors. (12 Dec 1998) |
acetyldigoxin |
A digitalis glycoside with properties similar to those of digoxin; derived from digilanide C. (05 Mar 2000) |
acetyldigoxins |
<chemical> Alpha- or beta-acetyl derivatives of digoxin or lanatoside c from digitalis lanata. They are better absorbed and longer acting than digoxin and are used in congestive heart failure. Pharmacological action: anti-arrhythmia agents, cardiotonic agent, enzyme inhibitors. (12 Dec 1998) |