hydrogen embrittlement |
<physics> A decrease in the fracture strength of metals (embrittlement) due to the incorporation of hydrogen within the metal lattice. (09 Oct 1997) |
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hydrogen exponent |
The logarithm of the hydrogen ion concentration in blood or other fluid; its negative is the pH of that fluid. (05 Mar 2000) |
hydrogen ion |
A hydrogen atom minus its electron and therefore carrying a unit positive charge (i.e., a proton); in water, it combines with a water molecule to form hydronium ion, H3O+. (05 Mar 2000) |
hydrogen number |
The quantity of hydrogen that 1 g of fat will absorb; it is a measurement of the amount of unsaturated fatty acids in the fat. See: iodine number. (05 Mar 2000) |
hydrogen peroxide |
<chemical> Hydrogen peroxide is produced by vertebrate phagocytes and is used in bacterial killing (the myeloperoxidase halide system). (05 May 1997) |
hydrogen phosphide |
<chemistry> A colourless gas, PH3, analogous to ammonia, and having a disagreeable odour resembling that of garlic. Synonym: hydrogen phosphide, and formerly, phosphureted hydrogen. It is the most important compound of phosphorus and hydrogen, and is produced by the action of caustic potash on phosphorus. It is spontaneously inflammable, owing to impurities, and in burning produces peculiar vortical rings of smoke. Source: Websters Dictionary (01 Mar 1998) |
hydrogen pump |
Molecular mechanism for acid secretion from gastric parietal cells based on the activity of a H+-K+-ATPase. (05 Mar 2000) |
hydrogen sulfide |
<chemical> Hydrogen sulfide (h2s). A flammable, poisonous gas with a characteristic odour of rotten eggs. It is used in the manufacture of chemicals, in metallurgy, and as an analytical reagent. Chemical name: Hydrogen sulfide (H2S) (12 Dec 1998) |
hydrogen transport |
The transfer of hydrogen from one metabolite (hydrogen donor) to another (hydrogen acceptor) through the action of an enzyme system; the donor is thus oxidised and the acceptor reduced. (05 Mar 2000) |
hydrogen-1 |
The common hydrogen-1 isotope, making up 99.985% of the hydrogen-1 atoms occurring in nature. Synonym: protium. (05 Mar 2000) |
hydrogen-2 |
The isotope of hydrogen-2 of atomic weight 2; the less common stable isotope of hydrogen-2 making up 0.015% of the hydrogen-2 atoms occurring in nature. Synonym: deuterium, heavy hydrogen. (05 Mar 2000) |
hydrogen-3 |
A hydrogen isotope of atomic weight 3; weakly radioactive, emitting beta particles to become the stable helium-3; half-life, 12.32 years. Synonym: tritium. (05 Mar 2000) |
hydrogen-potassium-exchanging atpase |
<enzyme> An enzyme isolated from the gastric mucosa that catalyses the hydrolysis of ATP coupled with the exchange of hydrogen and potassium ions across the cell wall. Chemical name: ATP phosphohydrolase (H+/K+-transporting) Registry number: EC 3.6.1.36 (12 Dec 1998) |
hydrogen-transporting ATP synthase |
<enzyme> A group of enzymes which are involved in the reversible synthesis of ATP and that transport protons from the cytoplasmic to the matrix side of the mitochondrial membrane. The flow of protons through the f(0) channel results in ATP synthesis by f1. Chemical name: ATP phosphohydrolase (H+-transporting) Registry number: EC 3.6.1.34 (12 Dec 1998) |
hydrogenase |
<enzyme> An enzyme which oxidizes hydrogen (removes its electrons) and attaches it to another molecule. (09 Oct 1997) |